phenotype and intellectual development variability in family with pfeiffer syndrome caused by p . p 252 r mutation in FGFr 1 gene
نویسندگان
چکیده
streszczenie Zespół Pfeiffera (OMIM#101600) jest rzadkim zespołem uwarunkowanym genetycznie zaliczanym do dysostoz czaszkowo-twarzowych, który dziedziczy się w sposób autosomalnie dominujący ze zmienną ekspresją cech klinicznych. Występuje z częstością około 1:100 000 wśród żywo urodzonych dzieci. Typowe objawy zespołu obejmują: przedwczesne zarastanie szwów czaszkowych (kraniosynostoza), hipoplazja szczęki oraz wady dłoni i stop. Objawy zespołu Pfeiffera wywołują heterozygotyczne mutacje w genach czynnika wzrostu fibroblastów typu 1 lub 2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor gene type 1 or 2 – FGFR1 lub FGFR2). Mutacje występujące w genie FGFR1 skutkują mniej nasilonymi objawami fenotypowymi twarzoczaszki, wadami kończyn i najczęściej prawidłowym rozwojem intelektualnym. W niniejszej pracy autorzy przedstawiają trzy przypadki z jednej rodzinny (syn, ojciec i córka) prezentujące dużą zmienność objawów fenotypowych i intelektualnych w przebiegu zespołu Pfeiffera typu 1 wywołanego mutacją p.P252R w genie FGFR1. Autorzy zwracają uwagą na celowość wykonywania badań rodzinnych w kontekście diagnostyki niepełnosprawności intelektualnej i poradnictwa genetycznego. Słowa kluczowe: kraniosynostoza, wady kończyn, niepełnosprawność intelektualna, gen FGFR1 abstract Pfeiffer Syndrome (OMIM#101600) is a genetic disorder which belongs to cranio-facial dysostosis group inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variation of feature expression. It affects about 1 in 100,000 live-births. Typical features include: premature fusion of certain bones of the skull (craniosynostosis), maxillary hypoplasia and digital abnormalities of the hands and feet. Basing on the phenotype three clinical subtypes of Pfeiffer Syndrome can be distinguished: types 1, 2 and 3. This condition can be caused by heterozygous mutations in either fibroblast growth factor receptor gene type 1 or 2 (FGFR1 or FGFR2). FGFR1 mutations often result in less severe craniofacial involvement, no craniosynostosis, abnormalities of the limbs and most individuals have normal intelligence. The authors describe the family of three members (a son, a father and a daughter) variably affected by phenotype and intellectual development with Pfeiffer Syndrome type 1 caused by p.P252R mutation in FGFR1 gene. We showed that in investigating mental retardation the medical examination of the whole family and genetic counseling are important.
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